Abstract
We give an explicit toy qubit transport model for transferring information from the gravitational field of a black hole to the Hawking radiation by a continuous unitary transformation of the outgoing radiation and the black hole gravitational field. The model has no firewalls or other drama at the event horizon, and it avoids a counterargument that has been raised for subsystem transfer models as resolutions of the firewall paradox. Furthermore, it fits the set of six physical constraints that Giddings has proposed for models of black hole evaporation. It does utilize nonlocal qubits for the gravitational field but assumes that the radiation interacts locally with these nonlocal qubits, so in some sense the nonlocality is confined to the gravitational sector. Although the qubit model is too crude to be quantitatively correct for the detailed spectrum of Hawking radiation, it fits qualitatively with what is expected.
Highlights
The black hole information puzzle is the puzzle of whether black hole formation and evaporation is unitary, and debate on this issue has continued for more than 36 years [1,2,3], since Hawking radiation was discovered [4]
Hawking originally used local quantum field theory in the semiclassical spacetime background of an evaporating black hole to deduce [5] that part of the information about the initial quantum state would be destroyed or leave our Universe at the singularity or quantum gravity region at or near the center of the black hole, so that what remained outside after the black hole evaporated would not be given by unitary evolution from the initial state
This approach does not fully apply quantum theory to the gravitational field itself, so it was objected that the information-loss conclusion drawn from it might not apply in quantum gravity [6]
Summary
The black hole information puzzle is the puzzle of whether black hole formation and evaporation is unitary, and debate on this issue has continued for more than 36 years [1,2,3], since Hawking radiation was discovered [4]. Hawking originally used local quantum field theory in the semiclassical spacetime background of an evaporating black hole to deduce [5] that part of the information about the initial quantum state would be destroyed or leave our Universe at the singularity or quantum gravity region at or near the center of the black hole, so that what remained outside after the black hole evaporated would not be given by unitary evolution from the initial state. In this way we can go from modes near the horizon that to an infalling observer appear to be close to a vacuum state (and without a firewall), and yet the modes that propagate outward can pick up information from the nonlocal gravitational field they pass through so that they transfer that information out from the black hole
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