Abstract
In this paper, a new Quaternion Discrete Fourier Transform (QDFT)-based digital color image watermarking method is presented. In addition, the Quaternion QR (QQR) decomposition is applied in digital watermarking technology for the first time. First of all, the QDFT and QQR decomposition are performed on the host image, respectively, to acquire the scalar part of the quaternion matrix for watermark information embedding. After that, we divide the scalar part of the quaternion matrix generated by the QQR decomposition into blocks and calculate the entropy. The block with high entropy is selected to embed the watermark information. Then the watermark information is embedded into the extracted block using the quantization index modulation method. We conducted a large number of tests and experimental results indicate that the presented approach obtains excellent robustness against Scaling, Rotation, Median filtering, `Salt & Pepper' noise, and JPEG Compression. Compared with the existing methods, the presented method achieves better performance.
Highlights
It is becoming easier to modify digital multimedia content, especially in terms of images
EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS We have shown the performance of this method through a series of experiments, and only representative experimental results are given
In this paper, we propose a color image watermarking method based on Quaternion Discrete Fourier Transform (QDFT) and Quaternion QR (QQR) decomposition
Summary
It is becoming easier to modify digital multimedia content, especially in terms of images. M. Li et al.: QDFT-Based Color Image Watermarking Method modifying some coefficients of the transform domain. In [17], binary watermark information was inserted into the coefficients of the QDFT, and the color channels were not separated by quaternion transformation of the image. We presented QDFT-based color image watermarking scheme using QQR decomposition.
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