Abstract
This chapter discusses the methods by which the extent of the last glacial maximum (LGM) in the Western Alps has been determined. In the general overview of the Alpine glaciation, the ice sheet extended continuously all along the Western Alps, leaving only the highest peaks emerging, tapered, and branched to the South, disappearing in the Maritime Alps. The total obliteration of glacial landforms, both depositional and erosional, is commonly observed. In the middle Val Sesia, a morainic amphitheatre originally existed at the valley opening, where the town of Borgosesia is situated today. Modern fluvial erosion has removed most of this moraine except for a few relict landforms that are aligned transverse to the valley axis. At the junction of the three Lanzo valleys, it is impossible to determine where the LGM glacier terminated because the relating landforms and deposits have been erased.
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