Quasi-targeted analysis of hydroxylation-related metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in human urine by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry

Abstract

Metabolite identification is crucial for revealing metabolic pathways and comprehensive potential toxicities of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in human body. In this work, a quasi-targeted analysis strategy was proposed for metabolite identification of monohydroxylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (OH-PAHs) in human urine using liquid chromatography triple quadruple mass spectrometry (LC–QqQ-MS/MS) combined with liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (LC–HRMS). Potential metabolites of OH-PAHs were preliminarily screened out by LC–QqQ-MS/MS in association with filtering in a self-constructed information list of possible metabolites, followed by further identification and confirmation with LC–HRMS. The developed method can provide more reliable and systematic results compared with traditional untargeted analysis using LC–HRMS. In addition, data processing for LC–HRMS analysis were greatly simplified. This quasi-targeted analysis method was successfully applied to identifying phase I and phase II metabolites of OH-PAHs in human urine. Five metabolites of hydroxynaphthalene, seven of hydroxyfluorene, four of hydroxyphenanthrene, and three of hydroxypyrene were tentatively identified. Metabolic pathways of PAHs in human body were putatively revealed based on the identified metabolites. The experimental results will be valuable for investigating the metabolic processes of PAHs in human body, and the quasi-targeted analysis strategy can be expanded to the metabolite identification and profiling of other compounds in vivo.