Quasiparticle focusing of bound states in two-dimensional s -wave superconductors

Abstract

A magnetic impurity on a superconducting substrate induces in-gap Yu-Shiba-Rusinov (YSR) bound states, whose intricate spatial structure crucially influences the possibilities of engineering collective impurity states. By means of a saddle-point approximation, we study the scattering processes giving rise to YSR states in gapped, two-dimensional superconductors. Further, we develop a theory, which relates through a simple analytical expression, an arbitrary energy dispersion of normal electrons in a two-dimensional host to the spatial features of the YSR states. Namely, we find that flatter segments of the Fermi surface with large Fermi velocity enhance the local density of states (LDOS) around the impurity. Our analytical approximation is quantitatively accurate against tight-binding calculations on various lattices with different Fermi surfaces, and it allows to predict the shape and orientation of YSR states observed in scanning tunneling spectroscopy experiments. We illustrate our results with a model of ${\mathrm{NbSe}}_{2}$.