Abstract
Interaction of very low-frequency primordial (relic) gravitational waves (GWs) to cosmic microwave background (CMB) can generate B-mode polarization. Here, for the first time we point out that the electromagnetic (EM) response to high-frequency GWs (HFGWs) would produce quasi-B-mode distribution of the perturbative photon fluxes. We study the duality and high complementarity between such two B-modes, and it is shown that such two effects are from the same physical origin: the tensor perturbation of the GWs and not the density perturbation. Based on this quasi-B-mode in HFGWs and related numerical calculation, it is shown that the distinguishing and observing of HFGWs from the braneworld would be quite possible due to their large amplitude, higher frequency and very different physical behaviors between the perturbative photon fluxes and background photons, and the measurement of relic HFGWs may also be possible though face to enormous challenge.
Highlights
On 11th Feb 2016 and June 2016, LIGO reported two very important evidences[1, 2] of gravitational waves (GWs) detection
If this B-mode polarization can be completely confirmed by experimental observation, it must be a great encouragement for detection of GWs in the very-low frequency band, and will provide a key evidence for the inflationary model
(i)The B-mode in the cosmic microwave background (CMB) is from the interaction of the relic GWs with CMB, and this interaction produces the B-mode polarization in the CMB; the quasi-B-mode in the synchro-resonance system is from EM resonance response to the high-frequency GWs (HFGWs); (ii)The GW frequencies of the former are located in very low frequency band(∼ 10−16 to 10−17Hz), and the GW frequencies of the latter are occurred in typical microwave range(∼ 109 to 1012Hz)
Summary
On 11th Feb 2016 and June 2016, LIGO reported two very important evidences[1, 2] of GW detection. The duality and similarity between the B-mode of the CMB experiment for the very low frequency GWs and the quasi-B-mode of electromagnetic(EM) response for the HFGWs, almost have never been studied in the past These effects are all from the same physical origin: tensor perturbation of the GWs and not the density perturbation, and they would be highly complementary , in the observable frequency bands, and in the displaying ways. In this paper we shall study the similarity and duality between the B-mode polarization in the CMB for very low frequency primordial GWs and the quasi-B-mode distribution of the perturbative photon fluxes(i.e., signal photon fluxes) in the EM response for HFGWs. It is shown that such two B-modes have a fascinating duality and strong complementarity, and distinguishing and observing of the HFGWs expected by the braneworld would be quite possible due to their large amplitude, higher frequency and very different physical behaviors between the perturbative photon fluxes and the background photon fluxes.
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