Abstract
The axial crushing behavior of empty and Al close-cell foam-filled single Al tubes and Al multi-tube designs (hexagonal and square) were investigated through quasi-static compression testing. The effects of foam filling on the deformation mode and the crushing and average crushing loads of single tubes and multi-tube designs were determined. The foam filling was found to shift the deformation mode of empty single tube and empty multi-tube designs from diamond into concertina. In multi-tube designs the constraint effects and the frictional forces were found to increase the average crushing loads over those of single tubes. It was also found that foam filling induced a higher strengthening coefficient in multi-tube than single tubes. Although foam filling increased the energy absorption in single tubes and multi-tube designs, it was not effective in increasing the specific absorbed energy over that of the empty tubes. However, multi-tube designs were found to be energetically more effective than single tubes at similar foam-filler densities, proving a higher interaction effect in multi-tube designs.
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