Abstract

This paper integrates the Heckscher–Ohlin, specific factors, and the Ricardian models of production with applications to international trade and labor economics. The model economy exhibits both Heckscher–Ohlin and specific factors properties, but never at the same time. In international trade, the wage skill premium across countries can move in different directions and has natural limits within countries. In labor economics, we show that the earning of economic rents is not inconsistent with competitive markets in general equilibrium and that process and skill-based innovations have contrasting effects on wage inequality.

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