Abstract
Established waveguide fabrication technologies on lithium niobate (LN) and potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) were revisited, and a comparative analysis of their performance for type-0 quasi-phase matched second-harmonic generation at 1.55 µm was provided based on literature data and our simulations. This analysis aided identifying gaps where the waveguide performance is below the theoretical predictions, and the possible reasons are discussed. It provides the reader with a roadmap for choosing the most appropriate waveguide type and material choice between LN and KTP for desired performance of targeted applications.
Highlights
Nonlinear optics (NLO) is an ever-growing field of research enabled by lasers.[1]
quasi-phase matching (QPM) consists in periodically resetting the phase mismatch between the interacting waves in order to force them to be in phase as they propagate along the nonlinear crystal
If annealed proton-exchanged (APE) waveguides are processed in a lithium-rich melt, lithium ions (Li+)ions will diffuse into the surface layer, while H+-ions will diffuse out
Summary
Nonlinear optics (NLO) is an ever-growing field of research enabled by lasers.[1]. Because strong light intensities are required for NLO effects to become relevant, such effects can be greatly enhanced when used in waveguides in which light is tightly confined. Toward shorter wavelengths, KTP is a more suitable material It exhibits a high optical nonlinearity, excellent mechanical and thermal properties, and high resistance to photorefractive damage,[17,18] as well as to green- or blue-induced infrared absorption especially in the continuous-wave regime. If the period is made in the sub-micrometer range, counter-propagating parametric interactions can be analyzed,[22] in which a pump photon generates a forwardpropagating signal photon and a narrow bandwidth backwardpropagating idler photon This process is highly interesting, for instance, for the generation of counter-propagating entangled photon pairs.[23] KTP and RKTP offer the possibility of groupvelocity matching,[24,25] enabling a separable joint-spectral-amplitude diagram, with applications in quantum information technology.[23,26]. It provides a roadmap for choosing the most appropriate waveguide type and material choice between LN and KTP to optimize the performance of targeted applications
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