Abstract
We report a complete design and simulation of a quasi-optical millimeter wave imaging system using ZEMAX and FEKO software, respectively. A Fresnel lens and a horn antenna are combined in this design. Compared to spherical and aspherical lenses, a Fresnel lens can be fabricated much easier at millimeter wavelengths. For focusing millimeter wave radiation, a Fresnel lens can be used to reduce the thickness of the focusing element and to lighten its weight from 25 to 4.5 kg. A horn antenna with a Gaussian profile and corrugated walls is designed for feeding this system at a central frequency of 94 GHz. The symmetrical radiation pattern of the designed corrugated Gaussian horn in E- and H-orthogonal planes, its wide bandwidth, and low side lobe levels make it a good candidate for feeding a W-band millimeter wave imaging system. The designed quasi-optical imaging system is light-weighted, has high resolution, and can be used in detecting hidden objects within a distance of 5 m with a 30-mm resolution in W-band at a central frequency of 94 GHz.
Highlights
Millimeter wave imaging systems have many applications
Millimeter wave band lenses are usually made of materials like high density polyethylene (HDPE), silicon, polystyrene, rexolite and/or teflon
A 43-cm diameter HDPE aspherical transition system at 89 GHz was capable of imaging the object at a distance of 3.5 m with a resolution of 28 mm developed by Zhou et al (2015) and Chen et al reported a similar system with 35 mm resolution at a distance of 3.5 m [1,18]
Summary
Millimeter wave imaging systems have many applications. This technology is capable of imaging under adverse climatic conditions and enables the detection of hidden objects such as polymers [1]. Dielectric lens manufacturing unlike reflectors, requires less precise tolerance and uses inexpensive plastic materials [12] They are good options to be used as focusing elements in the millimeter wave band. Fresnel lenses use diffraction as a method of collecting electromagnetic waves at the focal point In this type of lens, the stepped discrete pattern first proposed by Lord Rayleigh, can achieve phase correction. A corrugated Gaussian profile horn has been designed at a central frequency 94 GHz as secondary optics and simulated using electromagnetic software FEKO. This horn can be used with a lens (spherical, aspherical or Fresnel lens) with f-number of 1.2, to meet the requirements of the system. The system is capable of imaging an object with a spatial resolution of 30 mm at a distance of 5 m
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