Quasi-monoenergetic carbon ions generation from a double-layer target driven by extreme laser pulses

Abstract

High quality energetic carbon ions produced via laser-plasma have many applications in tumor therapy, fast ignition and warm dense matter generation. However, the beam achieved in current experiments is still limited by either a large energy spread or a low peak energy. In this paper, a hybrid scheme for the generation of quasi-monoenergetic carbon ions is proposed by an ultra-intense laser pulse irradiating a double-layer target. Multi-dimensional particle-in-cell (PIC) simulations show that the carbon ions are first accelerated via laser piston mechanism in the former carbon layer and then further accelerated by Coulomb repulsion force in the attached neon target. Since electrons are bunched synchronously in longitudinal and transverse direction by radiation reaction during the whole acceleration process, a quasi-monoenergetic carbon ion beam is eventually produced. In the following stage, the neon target provides the Coulomb field required for the continuous acceleration of the carbon ions which helps to prevent the carbon ion layer from diffusion. It is demonstrated that quasi-monoenergetic carbon ions with peak energy of 465 MeV u−1, energy spread of ∼13%, a divergence of ∼15∘, and laser-to-ion energy conversion of 20% can be achieved by using a laser pulse with intensity of 1.23 × 1023 W cm−2. An analytical model is also proposed to interpret the carbon ion acceleration, which is fairly consistent with the PIC simulations.