Abstract
ABSTRACT Quasi-elastic deformation properties of dry, dense Toyoura sand at very small strain level were investigated by conducting a series of triaxial and torsional shear tests on hollow cylindrical specimens. Strains were measured locally by a newly developed pin-typed local deformation transducer. In the tests, effect of end-restraint at the top cap and pedestal on small strain shear modulus that was measured externally by applying small unload /reload cycles in the torsional direction was found to be significant. A new hypoelastic model was proposed to simulate the inherent and stress-induced anisotropies of quasi-elastic deformation properties of sand, considering rotation of principal stress axes from material axes. Good agreements between experimental and simulation data were observed. In the simulation, effect of inherent anisotropy on the quasi-elastic deformation properties of Toyoura sand was found to be small.
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