Abstract
Quantum Monte Carlo simulations at zero temperature of an ensemble of 3He atoms adsorbed on Mg and Alkali substrates yield strong evidence of a thermodynamically stable liquid 3He monolayer on all Alkali substrates, with the possible exception of Li. The effective two-dimensional density is θ≈0.02 Å-2 on Na, making it the lowest density liquid in nature. Its existence is underlain by zero-point atomic motion perpendicular to the substrate, whose effect is softening the short-range repulsion of the helium interatomic potential. The monolayer films should turn superfluid at a temperature Tc∼1 mK. No liquid film is predicted to form on Mg, or on stronger substrates such as graphite.
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