Abstract
Carbon footprint reduction of paving materials could be explored through recycling mining by-products into different applications, which will preserve natural resources and decrease environmental issues. One possible approach is to reuse quarry dust and mining ore waste as precursors in geopolymer applications. geopolymers are mineral polymers rich in aluminosilicates with an amorphous to a semi-crystalline three-dimensional structure. The current review aims to summarize the studies conducted during the past decade on geopolymers containing quarry dust and mine tailings. The first section discusses various precursors used for geopolymer cement production such as metakaolin, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS), fly ash, and quarry/mining ore wastes including silt, tungsten, vanadium, copper, gold, zinc, marble, iron, basalt, and lithium. Different calcination treatments and curing conditions have been summarized. In some cases, the precursors are required to be calcined to increase their reactivity. Both ambient temperature and elevated temperature curing conditions have been summarized. Less attention has been paid to room temperature curing, which is necessary for field and industrial implementations. Engineering properties such as compressive strength, density, durability and acid resistance, water absorption and abrasion of geopolymers containing mining waste were reviewed. One of the main barriers preventing the widespread use of waste powders, in addition to economic aspects, in geopolymers could be due to their unstable chemical structure. This was shown through extensive leachate of Na+ or K+ cations in geopolymer structures. The review of over 100 articles indicated the need for further research on different aspects of quarry waste geopolymer productions before its full industrial implementation.
Highlights
Road and construction sectors are practicing greener solutions where aggregate recycling has become an essential principle for most authorities
In the water to solid ratio dropped by 15% with the addition of 50% ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS) compared to the control addition, the water to solid ratio dropped by 15% with the addition of 50% GGBFS compared to the sample
The results indicated that the clay and silt could calcined and clay and silt could be calcined and reused in applications such as binder, precast, andbe bricks through reused in applications such as binder, precast, and bricks through alkaline activation
Summary
Road and construction sectors are practicing greener solutions where aggregate recycling has become an essential principle for most authorities. Magnetite was used as a filler in various mastic mixtures with the aim of providing a solution for recycling mining waste and microwave healing of asphalt pavements [6]. Some quarry wastes are both rich in aluminosilicates and have the proper mineralogy, which allows their application as precursors to produce geopolymer cement and similar synthetic materials. Geopolymer cement and concrete have been widely used in different civil engineering application They are produced with low processed natural materials or industrial by-products, minimizing carbon footprint. The aim of this paper is to review and summarize published data related to geopolymer cement and concrete containing waste mine tailings and quarry dust
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