Abstract
We present the finite temperature spectra of both bottomonium and charmonium, obtained from a consistent lattice QCD based potential picture. Starting point is the complex in-medium potential extracted on full QCD lattices with dynamical u,d and s quarks, generated by the HotQCD collaboration. Using the generalized Gauss law approach, vetted in a previous study on quenched QCD, we fit ${\rm Re}[V]$ with a single temperature dependent parameter $m_D$, the Debye screening mass, and confirm the up to now tentative values of ${\rm Im}[V]$. The obtained analytic expression for the complex potential allows us to compute quarkonium spectral functions by solving an appropriate Schr\"odinger equation. These spectra exhibit thermal widths, which are free from the resolution artifacts that plague direct reconstructions from Euclidean correlators using Bayesian methods. In the present adiabatic setting, we find clear evidence for sequential melting and derive melting temperatures for the different bound states. Quarkonium is gradually weakened by both screening (${\rm Re}[V]$) and scattering (${\rm Im}[V]$) effects that in combination lead to a shift of their in-medium spectral features to smaller frequencies, contrary to the mass gain of elementary particles at finite temperature.
Highlights
Simplified description of the bound state evolution at soft energy scales (Esoft ∼ mQv) in terms of singlet and color octet wavefunctions
We present the finite temperature spectra of both bottomonium and charmonium, obtained from a consistent lattice QCD based potential picture
√ Figure 3. The normalized Debye mass from a generalized Gauss-law fit to the real-part of the in-medium heavy quark potential on asqtad lattices, which we propose as input for phenomenological studies., Blue points: temperature dependence of the Debye mass and in red a next to leading order (NLO) HTL based fit of mD
Summary
While the perturbative computation of the potential has contributed significantly to our understanding of the physics involved, it is not sufficient for the description of the experimentally relevant temperature regime around the phase transition. There the quark gluon plasma can be considered strongly interacting, exemplified, e.g. by the large value. Of the trace anomaly [30, 31]. This calls for an evaluation of the potential definition (1.4) in lattice QCD, which at first seems unfeasible, since direct access to real-time quantities, such as the Wilson loop (1.2) is not possible. Conceptual and technical advances in the extraction of real-time information from lattice QCD simulations over the last few years have made such an evaluation possible, as we will discuss below
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