Abstract
We propose a quantum information based scheme to reduce the temperature of quantum many-body systems, and access regimes beyond the current capability of conventional cooling techniques. We show that collective measurements on multiple copies of a system at finite temperature can simulate measurements of the same system at a lower temperature. This idea is illustrated for the example of ultracold atoms in optical lattices, where controlled tunnel coupling and quantum gas microscopy can be naturally combined to realize the required collective measurements to access a lower, virtual temperature. Our protocol is experimentally implemented for a Bose-Hubbard model on up to 12 sites, and we successfully extract expectation values of observables at half the temperature of the physical system. Additionally, we present related techniques that enable the extraction of zero-temperature states directly.
Highlights
Quantum simulators have been proposed to understand the complex properties of strongly correlated quantum many-body systems [1,2,3]
A successful approach is to use cold neutral atoms in optical lattices to emulate the physics of interacting electrons in solid-state systems [2,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19]
This is exemplified by recent experimental advances that enable explorations of quantum magnetism [20,21,22,23,24,25,26], measurements of many-body entanglement [27,28,29], and studies of quantum dynamics out of equilibrium with bosonic and fermionic atoms [28,30,31,32,33]
Summary
Quantum simulators have been proposed to understand the complex properties of strongly correlated quantum many-body systems [1,2,3]. A successful approach is to use cold neutral atoms in optical lattices to emulate the physics of interacting electrons in solid-state systems [2,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19] This is exemplified by recent experimental advances that enable explorations of quantum magnetism [20,21,22,23,24,25,26], measurements of many-body entanglement [27,28,29], and studies of quantum dynamics out of equilibrium with bosonic and fermionic atoms [28,30,31,32,33]. We show how these ideas can be generalized and discuss protocols to distill the many-body ground state from multiple copies of thermal many-body states
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