Abstract
The simulation of dense fermionic matters is a long-standing problem in lattice gauge theory. One hopeful solution would be the use of quantum computers. In this paper, digital quantum simulation is designed for lattice gauge theory at nonzero density. The quantum variational algorithm is adopted to obtain the ground state at nonzero density. A benchmark test is performed in the lattice Schwinger model.
Highlights
Lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) at nonzero baryon density suffers from the sign problem
The lattice QCD simulation is difficult for the present noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) devices, it might be feasible in the future
Speaking, the chiral condensate in the massless lattice Schwinger model is lattice artifact
Summary
Lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) at nonzero baryon density suffers from the sign problem. Lattice gauge theory is usually formulated by the path integral with the Euclidean action. This is nothing but thermodynamics with the grand canonical partition function. We can study the physics at zero temperature and nonzero density by two steps: we prepare the ground state with the total particle number fixed, and . Calculate physical observables for the prepared state This is the standard procedure in condensed matter physics and nuclear physics, where the Hamiltonian formalism is familiar. We design the computational strategy and algorithm for the quantum simulation of lattice gauge theory at nonzero density.
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