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Abstract
Quantum simulations are becoming an essential tool for studying complex phenomena, e.g. quantum topology, quantum information transfer and relativistic wave equations, beyond the limitations of analytical computations and experimental observations. To date, the primary resources used in proof-of-principle experiments are collections of qubits, coherent states or multiple single-particle Fock states. Here we show a quantum simulation performed using genuine higher-order Fock states, with two or more indistinguishable particles occupying the same bosonic mode. This was implemented by interfering pairs of Fock states with up to five photons on an interferometer, and measuring the output states with photon-number-resolving detectors. Already this resource-efficient demonstration reveals topological matter, simulates non-linear systems and elucidates a perfect quantum transfer mechanism which can be used to transport Majorana fermions.
Highlights
Quantum simulations boost the development of topological materials[1], quantum transport[2] and quantum algorithms[3] for the benefit of low-power electronics[4], spintronics[5] and quantum computing[6]
Simulations have never seriously profited from interference of multi-particle Fock states, even though the importance of this regime has been recognised[20], and the first attempt to mimic it with many-body systems was made[21]
The Fock state quantum simulations build on a beam-splitter interaction UðBrSÞ 1⁄4 eÀiθðrÞHBS, guided by the Hamiltonian
Summary
Quantum simulations boost the development of topological materials[1], quantum transport[2] and quantum algorithms[3] for the benefit of low-power electronics[4], spintronics[5] and quantum computing[6] They employ intricate quantum interference of light or matter particles. This is a challenging task: the difficulty arises from the fundamental constraint that all interfering quanta must be indistinguishable[7]. Violating this demand precludes the observation of such coherent phenomena in larger scales, in terms of particle number and duration. Simulations have never seriously profited from interference of multi-particle Fock states, even though the importance of this regime has been recognised[20], and the first attempt to mimic it with many-body systems was made[21]
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