Quantum secure multiparty summation based on the mutually unbiased bases of <italic>d</italic>-level quantum systems and its application

Abstract

In this paper, a novel quantum secure multiparty summation protocol is proposed based on the mutually unbiased bases of d -level quantum systems. The quantum states of mutually unbiased bases, which are transmitted in a circular pattern, are imposed with the transformation operations of n secrecy owners to encode their secrecies. Security analysis reveals that the proposed protocol can resist outside attacks as well as participant attacks. The proposed protocol is suitable for d -level quantum systems and can calculate the modulo d addition using the integer-by-integer technique. Compared with the quantum secure summation protocols with bit-by-bit calculations, the proposed protocol has a higher calculation efficiency and has more extensive applications compared with the protocols with smaller modulo. Moreover, this protocol can be successfully used for quantum multiparty private comparison and quantum multiparty anonymous voting.