Quantum secret sharing affected by vacuum fluctuation

Abstract

Quantum secret sharing (QSS) as an important protocol of secure multiparty quantum computation plays a vital role in quantum cryptography. In the real world, any quantum communication protocols are inevitably affected by external noisy environment. In this paper, we investigate the influence of vacuum fluctuation of a massless scalar field on QSS. We firstly construct the noisy model of QSS via two uniformly accelerated atoms coupled with a fluctuating massless scalar field with a perfectly reflecting plane boundary and then derive the master equation that governs the QSS evolution. It is shown that fluctuation of scalar field would lower the performance of QSS. Furthermore, we analyze the impacts of acceleration, two-atom separation and distance from the boundary on the QSS. It is found that increasing acceleration weakens the QSS performance, but in the presence of the reflecting boundary, QSS performance can be improved effectively.