Abstract
Quantum gas microscopes, which image the atomic occupations in an optical lattice, have opened a new avenue to the exploration of many-body lattice systems. Imaging trapped systems after freezing the density distribution by ramping up a pinning lattice leads, however, to a distortion of the original density distribution, especially when its structures are on the scale of the pinning lattice spacing. We show that this dynamics can be described by a filter, which we call in analogy to classical optics a quantum point spread function. Using a machine learning approach, we demonstrate via several experimentally relevant setups that a suitable deconvolution allows for the reconstruction of the original density distribution. These findings are both of fundamental interest for the theory of imaging and of immediate importance for current quantum gas experiments.
Highlights
Imaging with high resolution is a cornerstone for understanding the structure, dynamics and functionality of matter [1,2,3]
Quantum gas microscopes, which image the atomic occupations in an optical lattice, have opened a new avenue to the exploration of many-body lattice systems
We show that this dynamics can be described by a filter, which we call in analogy to classical optics a quantum point spread function
Summary
Imaging with high resolution is a cornerstone for understanding the structure, dynamics and functionality of matter [1,2,3]. We have to specify the operator Ri†;φRi;φ For this purpose, we assume that a particle that ends up in the Wannier state |wiα;φ of the pinning lattice Hamiltonian hφ(Tf ) after the ramp-up, where α denotes the band index, is measured with the detection efficiency ηα ∈ [0, 1], which can be modeled by. We propose to apply a pinning lattice for imaging and to sample the reduced one-body density with a resolution below the lattice spacing by performing repeated measurements with shifted positions of the pinning lattice relative to the physically trapped system. We have shown that density distortions resulting from the dynamics during the ramping up of the lattice can be compensated by deconvolution with a quantum point spread function for a wide range of parameters. Supplementary material: Quantum point spread function for imaging trapped few-body systems with a quantum gas microscope
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