Quantum Overloading Cryptography Using Single-PhotonNonlocality

Abstract

Using the single-photon nonlocality, we propose a quantum noveloverloading cryptography scheme, in which a single photon carries twobits information in one-way quantum channel. Two commutative modes ofthe single photon, the polarization mode and the spatial mode, are usedto encode secret information. Strict time windows are set to detect theimpersonation attack. The spatial mode which denotes the existence ofphotons is noncommutative with the phase of the photon, so that ourscheme is secure against photon-number-splitting attack. Our protocolmay be secure against individual attack.