Abstract
A source of the divergences in QED is proposed, and a theory in which the Lamb shift and electron’s anomalous magnetic moment are calculated free of divergences is reviewed. It is shown that Dirac’s equation for a relativistic electron can be inferred from a Lorentz invariant having the form of the Lorentz gauge equation, , on identifying a carrier-wave energy with the electron’s rest mass energy mc2, the vector potential’s polarization vector with Pauli’s vector σ, and the envelops of the scalar and vector potentials with the four components of Dirac’s vector wave function. The same methodology is used to infer relativistic equations of motion having the Dirac form for a neutrino accompanied by ab initio neutrino-matter interaction terms. Then it is shown that the theory, which comprises Dirac’s equation plus the relativistic equations of motion for the neutrino, supports binding on a nuclear scale of energy and length. The experimentally observed weakness of the interaction energy of free neutrinos and matter is due to the smallness of the rate of tunnelling of free neutrinos through a potential barrier which exists in the interaction of free neutrinos and matter. Models are also proposed for the proton and neutron, and good agreement is obtained for the neutron-proton rest mass energy difference in view of the approximations made to solve the appropriate equations of motion.
Highlights
In previous work [1] the charge of the electron, e, but not its mass, m, was inferred from an anti-propagating so-How to cite this paper: Ritchie, B. (2014) Quantum-Optical Foundations of Massive and Massless Particles
It appears from my work that a complete description of a relativistic electron, in which its radiant aspect responsible for the Lamb shift and its anomalous magnetic moment are properly understood without needing to remove infinite contributions using renormalization schemes, should comprise equations of motion which are compatible with the electromagnetic equation of continuity given by Equation (4)
At the same time the four material properties of matter (MEOM) minima correspond to the four radiant equation of motion with electric-field interaction (REOMEF) squared-energy curves calculated from Equation (18b) and shown in Figure 3, whose negative-imaginary WKB energies sum to give a good approximation to the proton’s rest-mass energy (Table 2), neglecting the four upper Dirac energy minima of Figure 1, which are on the MeV scale
Summary
In previous work [1] the charge of the electron, e, but not its mass, m, was inferred from an anti-propagating so-. It appears from my work that a complete description of a relativistic electron, in which its radiant aspect responsible for the Lamb shift and its anomalous magnetic moment are properly understood without needing to remove infinite contributions using renormalization schemes, should comprise equations of motion which are compatible with the electromagnetic equation of continuity given by Equation (4). The details of this theory are given . It appears that a theory free of divergences in electron and atomic phenomena includes a theory of nuclear phenomena
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