Abstract
We study a force acting on a three-level Λ-type atom in an inhomogeneous coherent electromagnetic field. We show that the magnitude of the force as well as incoherent scattering of the field is comparable with that of a two-level atom. Using Λ-type three-level atoms, one is able to realize a new kind of quantum nondemolition measurement of a photon number of modes of an open optical cavity.
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