Abstract
The prepare-and-measure quantum key distribution (QKD) has the merits of fast speed, high key generation rate, and easy implementation. However, the detector side channel attacks greatly undermine the security of the key bits. The eavesdropper, Eve, exploits the flaws of the detectors to obtain illegal information without violating quantum principles. It means that she can intervene in the communication without being detected. A prepare-and-measure Bell test protocol will be proposed. By randomly carrying out Bell test at the side of the information receiver, Bob, Eve’s illegal information gain within the detector side channel attack can be well bounded. This protocol does not require any improvement on the detectors used in available prepare-and-measure QKD. Though we only illustrate its application in the BB84 protocol, it is applicable for any prepare-and-measure QKD.
Highlights
QKD is a real-time art of generating secure key bit string between remote partners[1,2,3]
The photons registered by the detectors may be not the ones expected by Bob, but well devised by Eve to obtained illegal information
According to her measurement outcomes, she exploits the detection efficiency mismatches and prepares a fake state to be detected by Bob[15]
Summary
Alice prepares the state on Photon B and transfers it to Bob. Bob measures it in randomly chosen basis to read its state. (a) N single photons are generated in Alice’s laboratory She randomly chooses between the diagonal basis A1 = σx and rectilinear basis A2 = σz and the random bit values 0 and 1 to prepare her state on the photon. Test mode, his measurement bases are randomly chosen (b′) When Bob chooses the signal mode, Alice and Bob publish their measurement bases through the public channel They keep their measurement outcomes in the same bases as the sifted key bits. In the prepare-and-measure QKD, Eve’s ability to attack on the communication can be bounded with the collective attack[3,45] In this case, the rate for Eve to tag Bob’s key bits is upper bounded with[46,47].
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