Abstract
We evaluate quantum Otto, Diesel and Brayton cycles employing multiple-state 1D box system instead of ideal gas filled cylinder. The work and heat are extracted using the change in the expectation of Hamiltonian of the system which leads to the first law of thermodynamics to quantum system. The first law makes available to redefine the force which is in fact not well defined in a quantum mechanical system and then it is applied to define the quantum version of thermodynamic processes, i.e. isobaric, isovolume and adiabatic. As the results, the efficiency of quantum Otto engine depends only on the compression ratio and will be higher than the efficiency of quantum Diesel which can decrease by the widening of expansion under isobaric process. The efficiency of quantum Brayton engine may reach maximum on certain combination between the wide of box under isobaric expansion and compression, under certain conditions. The amount of levels participated in the quantum heat engine system will potentially reduce the performance of the quantum heat cycles consisting isobaric process, but it can be resisted using isobaric process controller.
Highlights
Present technology allows for the probing and realization of quantum mechanical systems of mesoscopic and even macroscopic sizes, which can be restricted to a relatively small number of energy states [1,2]
There is an interesting thing to Diesel and Brayton cycles, they consist of isobaric process, so we must redefine “pressure”, which has not been challenged yet to participate in the previous studies of 1D box system quantum engine [6,7,16] and is not well defined in a quantum mechanical system [3,17]
As an attempt to have an overview of 1D system of quantum heat engines, we evaluate quantum Otto, Diesel and Brayton engines which classically have an ideal gas as their working substance
Summary
Present technology allows for the probing and realization of quantum mechanical systems of mesoscopic and even macroscopic sizes, which can be restricted to a relatively small number of energy states [1,2]. There is an interesting thing to Diesel and Brayton cycles, they consist of isobaric process, so we must redefine “pressure” (force), which has not been challenged yet to participate in the previous studies of 1D box system quantum engine [6,7,16] and is not well defined in a quantum mechanical system [3,17]. Different from the previous papers according to quantum Carnot engine 1D system [6,7] and Otto like cycle for a two-level system [18], here we evaluate the multiple-state 1D system heat engines using the first law of thermodynamic to quantum system defined from statistical interpretation of measurement energy in quantum mechanics.
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