Abstract
We present a full quantum model to study the fidelity of single photons with different quantum states propagating in a medium exhibiting electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT). By using the general reservoir theory, we can calculate the quantum state of the transmitted probe photons that reveal the EIT phenomenon predicted by semiclassical theory while reflecting the influence of the quantum fluctuations of the strong coupling field. Our study shows that the coupling field fluctuations not only change the quantum state of the probe photons, but also slightly affect its transmittance. Moreover, we demonstrate that the squeezed coupling field can enhance the influence of its fluctuations on the quantum state of the probe photons, which means that the EIT effect can be manipulated by controlling the quantum state properties of the coupling field. The full quantum theory in this paper is suitable for studying quantum systems related to the EIT mechanism that would allow us to examine various quantum effects in EIT-based systems from a full quantum perspective.
Highlights
Both photons and atoms can carry quantum information and are promising for the development of quantum computing and quantum communication
Κb and κc represent the influence coefficients of the coupling field fluctuations δac and δa†c, respectively, and may attenuate the propagation of the probe photons in the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) medium. These results indicate that the influence of the coupling field fluctuations on the probe photons must be accompanied by its dissipation in the EIT medium, which can come from nonzero ground-state dephasing and two-photon detuning
Using a full quantum approach based on mean-field expansion and the general reservoir theory, we can calculate, in a three-level Λ medium, the quantum state of the probe photons that reveal the EIT phenomenon predicted by semiclassical theory while reflecting the influence of the fluctuations of the quantized coupling field
Summary
Both photons and atoms can carry quantum information and are promising for the development of quantum computing and quantum communication. According to the literature review, the current theory of the EIT dark-state polariton lacks the research on the fidelity of photons with different quantum states propagating in the EIT medium, and does not consider the quantum properties of the coupling field [45]. This investigation centers on establishing a full quantum model to calculate the EIT fidelity of the probe photons with different quantum states, and study the influence of the quantized coupling field on the EIT medium. In the study of the influence of coupling field fluctuations on the EIT fidelity, the coupling field strength, number of probe photons, and optical depth of the EIT medium are the variables considered
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