Quantum Entangled States of a Classically Radiating Macroscopic Spin

Abstract

Entanglement constitutes a main feature that distinguishes quantum from classical physics. Here, however, we show that entanglement may also serve as the essential ingredient for the emergence of classical behavior in a radiating spin system. We consider the relation between the state of a macroscopic spin, such as an atomic ensemble, and the radiation it emits. We introduce a new class of macroscopic spin states, the coherently radiating spin states (CRSSs), defined as the asymptotic eigenstates of the SU(2) lowering operator. We find that a spin emitter in a CRSS radiates classical coherent light, although the CRSS itself is a quantum entangled state exhibiting spin squeezing. We further show that the CRSS is naturally realized in Dicke superradiance and underlies the dissipative Dicke phase transition, hence predicting the optimal scaling of spin squeezing in superradiance. More generally, the CRSS emerges as the ground state of a collective spin Hamiltonian. The CRSS thus provides a promising concept for studying many-body spin systems in various platforms, with applications ranging from quantum metrology and lasing to phase transitions. Published by the American Physical Society 2024