Abstract
A self-calibrating quantum efficiency measurement technique is applied to the Tm3+ H43→F43 transition at 1460 nm. The method requires only relative fluorescence measurements to determine the absolute quantum efficiency. Overlapping spectral features are separated using phase-shifted fluorescence from different levels at high modulation frequency. The effect of energy transfer between Tm3+ ions is studied, and it is found that Tm3+ concentrations on the order of 1018 cm−3 are needed to avoid complications from Tm3+–Tm3+ cross relaxation. Application of the technique to Tm3+ doped fluorozirconate glass gives good agreement with the expected quantum efficiency based on multiphonon relaxation theory.
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