Quantum effects across dynamical horizons

Abstract

We present a generalization of the Hawking effect for dynamical trapping horizons by calculating the tunneling rate in the Hamilton–Jacobi formalism. It turns out that all horizons classified by Hayward are subjected to thermal quantum effects. While the Hawking effect for future outer and past inner trapping horizons is given as a particle emission, we show that the Hawking effect for future inner and past outer trapping horizons translates to an absorption. The universality of the treatment allows a natural transfer to the static case.