Abstract
Ultracold dipolar droplets have been realized in a series of ground-breaking experiments, where the stability of the droplet state is attributed to beyond-mean-field effects in the form of the celebrated Lee-Huang-Yang (LHY) correction. We scrutinize the dipolar droplet states in a one-dimensional context using a combination of analytical and numerical approaches, and identify experimentally viable parameters for accessing our findings for future experiments. In particular we identify regimes of stability in the restricted geometry, finding multiple roton instabilities as well as regions supporting quasi-one-dimensional droplet states. By applying an interaction quench to the droplet, a modulational instability is induced and multiple droplets are produced, along with bright solitons and atomic radiation. We also assess the droplets robustness to collisions, revealing population transfer and droplet fission.
Highlights
Bose–Einstein condensates possessing long-ranged, anisotropic dipole-dipole interactions have been realized in a series of ground-breaking experiments with highly magnetic atoms
A second series of experiments has achieved a quantum analogue of the classical Rosensweig instability [6], as well as the realization of droplet states [7, 8]—where the gas enters a high density phase whose stability has been attributed to the influence of quantum fluctuations [9,10,11,12,13]
The quantum liquid Helium II is well-known to exhibit a roton minimum in its excitation spectrum; this is supported by the strong interatomic interactions and correlations [22], where roton excitations typically occur at wavelengths comparable to the average inter-particle separation, indicating that the superfluid is close to forming a crystalline structure [23, 24]
Summary
Bose–Einstein condensates possessing long-ranged, anisotropic dipole-dipole interactions have been realized in a series of ground-breaking experiments with highly magnetic atoms. The related crossover from a bright soliton to a droplet state was investigated experimentally [77] It is the aim of this work to understand the regimes of stability and the accompanying dynamics of dipolar droplets in the quasi-one-dimensional setting.
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