Quantum Dots Solar Cells in Solar System to Convert Light into Electricity

Abstract

Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor material with nano-crystal characterized by high absorption coefficient, retention time and re-emission in a desired direction with tunable spectrum. These characteristics render QDs favorable for concentrating solar radiation in the desired direction to form a quantum dot solar concentrators (QDSC). The extent of absorption and re-emission determines their effectiveness as concentrators. The QD effectiveness is influenced by type, shape, size, dot concentration and optical path length through the device. In order to optimize design of QDSC, the optimum doping concentration of QD in the QDSC devices is crucial. QDSC can be integrated to solar cells to improve PV integration and penetration to buildings. The QDSC embedded into glazing can help harvest solar energy by PV cells without affecting the occupants’ visual communication to outdoors thereby embodying energy producing transparent glazing. The aim of this paper is to review state of the art of QDSC integrated with solar cells applied in buildings. Several types of QDSC characterized by sizes, shapes and material will be discussed and analyzed based on their concentration effectiveness, visibility and environmental impact. The challenges faced by QDSC in terms of building integration i.e., cell overheating by concentrated radiation and the contemporary solutions will be discussed. The article helps building designers and system integrators assess the merits of the QDSC based solar cells in terms of system integration, energy production and visual comfort.