Abstract

Quantum dots (QDs) are inorganic semiconductor particles that exhibit size and shape dependent optical and electronic properties (Alivisatos, 1996; Smith & Nie, 2010). Due to the typical dimension in the range of 1-100 nm, the surface-to-volume ratios of the materials become large and their electronic states become discrete. Moreover, due to the fact that the size of the semiconductor nanocrystal is smaller than the size of the exciton, charge carriers become spatially confined, which raises their energy (quantum confinement). Thus, the size and shape-dependent optoelectronic properties are attributed to the quantum confinement effect. Because of this effect, light emission from these particles can be tuned, throughout the ultraviolet, visible and near infrared spectral ranges.

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