Abstract
This work establishes a quantum heat engine considering qubits as the external heat transfer mediums. The authors find that the efficiency and the power output of the quantum heat engine are closely dependent on the microproperties of qubits, and consequently relate the irreversible heat transfer with quantum effects. The equivalent conditions between the quantum heat engines and the classical endoreversible Carnot heat engines are revealed
Highlights
Quantization of energy and its influence on energy conversion are a part of the fundamental framework for understanding thermodynamics [1,2]
Quantum heat engines, which convert heat into useful work, are important devices to explore the thermodynamic properties of quantum systems [3]
Quan et al analyzed the thermodynamics of quantum Carnot and Otto engines utilizing harmonic oscillators, twolevel systems, and particles in an infinite square potential well as the working substance, and compared them with their classical counterparts [4,5]
Summary
Quantization of energy and its influence on energy conversion are a part of the fundamental framework for understanding thermodynamics [1,2]. Considering the case where the heat transfer is irreversible, Curzon and Ahlborn discovered an equation describing the efficiency of an endoreversible heat engin√e operating at the maximum power output, i.e., ηCA = 1 − 1 − ηC [14], which is referred to as the Curzon-Alhborn (CA) efficiency [15,16,17,18,19,20] This formula is applicable to many other thermodynamic machines, including Brownian heat engines [21,22,23], quantum-dot heat engines [24,25,26,27], low heat dissipation machines [28,29], and Feynman’s ratchets [30,31], etc.
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