Quantum detection of electronic flying qubits in the integer quantum Hall regime

Abstract

We consider a model of a detector of ballistic electrons at the edge of a two-dimensional electron gas in the integer quantum Hall regime. The electron is detected by capacitive coupling to a gate which is also coupled to a passive $RC$ circuit. Using a quantum description of this circuit, we determine the signal over noise ratio of the detector in terms of the detector characteristics. The backaction of the detector on the incident wave packet is then computed using a Feynman-Vernon influence functional approach. Using information theory, we define the appropriate notion of quantum limit for such an ``on the fly'' detector. We show that our particular detector can approach the quantum limit up to logarithms in the ratio of the measurement time over the $RC$ relaxation time. We argue that such a weak logarithmic effect is of no practical significance. Finally, we show that a two-electron interference experiment can be used to probe the detector induced decoherence.