Abstract
An ultracold gas of interacting fermionic atoms in a three-dimensional optical lattice is considered, where the lattice potential strength is periodically modulated. This non-equilibrium system is non-perturbatively described by means of a Keldysh–Floquet–Green's function approach for Mott–Hubbard systems employing a generalized dynamical mean field theory (DMFT). Strong repulsive interactions between different atoms lead to a Mott insulator state for the equilibrium system, but the additional external driving at zero temperature yields a non-equilibrium quantum critical behavior, where an infinite number of Floquet states arise and a transition to the liquid and conducting phase is given.
Highlights
The occupation number for these gap states is investigated and we find a trapping of population which results in an ‘inversion’ for increasing modulation frequencies
EF regime to a liquid phase which leads to a finite conductivity
A theory of ultracold fermionic atoms described by a Hubbard model including strong repulsive interactions is discussed
Summary
The occupation number for these gap states is investigated and we find a trapping of population which results in an ‘inversion’ for increasing modulation frequencies. Where L is the frequency of the lattice modulation, τ is the system time and E and T are the respective amplitudes of the energy and the hopping or tunneling contribution. Driven systems, such as fermionic atoms in a modulated lattice potential, experience an energy exchange with their exterior and do not reside in a state of thermodynamical equilibrium.
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