Abstract
Quantum computing is a disruptive paradigm widely believed to be capable of solving classically intractable problems. However, the route toward full-scale quantum computers is obstructed by immense challenges associated with the scalability of the platform, the connectivity of qubits, and the required fidelity of various components. One-way quantum computing is an appealing approach that shifts the burden from high-fidelity quantum gates and quantum memories to the generation of high-quality entangled resource states and high fidelity measurements. Cluster states are an important ingredient for one-way quantum computing, and a compact, portable, and mass producible platform for large-scale cluster states will be essential for the widespread deployment of one-way quantum computing. Here, we bridge two distinct fields---Kerr microcombs and continuous-variable (CV) quantum information---to formulate a one-way quantum computing architecture based on programmable large-scale CV cluster states. The architecture can accommodate hundreds of simultaneously addressable entangled optical modes multiplexed in the frequency domain and an unlimited number of sequentially addressable entangled optical modes in time domain. One-dimensional, two-dimensional, and three-dimensional CV cluster states can be deterministically produced. We note cluster states of at least three dimensions are required for fault-tolerant one-way quantum computing with known error-correction strategies. This architecture can be readily implemented with silicon photonics, opening a promising avenue for quantum computing at a large scale.
Highlights
Quantum computing is deemed a disruptive paradigm for solving many classically intractable problems such as factoring big numbers [1], data fitting [2], combinatorial optimization [3], and boson sampling [4]
We describe a programmable photonic platform that can switch between generating a variety of different CV cluster states with different dimensions by tuning the phase of various Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs)
By extending the setup from the 1D case by including an additional unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer (UMZI), delay line (DL) and one 50:50 integrated beamsplitter (IBS), we are able to generate a 2D universal CV cluster state known as the bilayer square lattice [34]
Summary
Quantum computing is deemed a disruptive paradigm for solving many classically intractable problems such as factoring big numbers [1], data fitting [2], combinatorial optimization [3], and boson sampling [4]. Hybrid time-frequency multiplexed CV cluster states [34,35] would significantly enlarge the size of the shorter dimension, but obtaining phase references to simultaneously access all spectral modes remains an outstanding open problem. We bridge two distinct fields, Kerr-soliton microcombs and CV quantum information, to formulate a oneway quantum-computing architecture based on large-scale 3D CV cluster states generated in a scalable quantum-photonic platform. By virtue of large bandwidth (in a gigahertz range) of the spectral modes, the quantum-photonic platform offers the scalability and robustness required to produce large-scale 3D CV cluster states for fault-tolerant quantum computing.
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