Quantum battery charging by non-equilibrium steady-state currents

Abstract

We present an analysis of the availability and maximum extractable work of quantum batteries (QBs) in the presence of charge and/or heat steady-state currents. QBs are modeled as non-interacting open quantum systems (mesoscopic systems) strongly coupled to two thermal and particle reservoirs within the framework of non-equilibrium Green’s function theory in a steady-state regime. We found that the battery can be charged manifestly by a steady-state charge current compared to heat one, especially, in an off-resonant transport regime. It allows us to reliably access the performance of the QBs in the high bias-charging regime.