Abstract
The Hodgkin-Huxley model describes the conduction of the nervous impulse through the axon, whose membrane's electric response can be described employing multiple connected electric circuits containing capacitors, voltage sources, and conductances. These conductances depend on previous depolarizing membrane voltages, which can be identified with a memory resistive element called memristor. Inspired by the recent quantization of the memristor, a simplified Hodgkin-Huxley model including a single ion channel has been studied in the quantum regime. Here, we study the quantization of the complete Hodgkin-Huxley model, accounting for all three ion channels, and introduce a quantum source, together with an output waveguide as the connection to a subsequent neuron. Our system consists of two memristors and one resistor, describing potassium, sodium, and chloride ion channel conductances, respectively, and a capacitor to account for the axon's membrane capacitance. We study the behavior of both ion channel conductivities and the circuit voltage, and we compare the results with those of the single channel, for a given quantum state of the source. It is remarkable that, in opposition to the single-channel model, we are able to reproduce the voltage spike in an adiabatic regime. Arguing that the circuit voltage is a quantum variable, we find a purely quantum-mechanical contribution in the system voltage's second moment. This work represents a complete study of the Hodgkin-Huxley model in the quantum regime, establishing a recipe for constructing quantum neuron networks with quantum state inputs. This paves the way for advances in hardware-based neuromorphic quantum computing, as well as quantum machine learning, which might be more efficient resource-wise.
Highlights
An important part of the comprehension of human beings goes through unveiling how the brain functions
We have studied the quantization of the HodgkinHuxley model including potassium, sodium, and chloride ion channels, by means of introducing the concept of quantum memristor
The quantum memristor is modeled by a semi-infinite transmission line with voltagedependent impedance
Summary
An important part of the comprehension of human beings goes through unveiling how the brain functions. This work considers potassium, sodium, and chloride ion channels, and represents a more thorough description of the conduction of nervous impulses in neurons, in a quantum regime For this aim, we propose a setup consisting of a quantized source, the Hodgkin-Huxley circuit, and an output waveguide. This work goes further into the comprehension of this quantized model, establishing the possibility of constructing quantum neuron networks able to process quantum information, as well as of the application to neuromorphic quantum architectures and quantum neural networks [40] This could find applications in the field of quantum machine learning [41, 42] without the necessity of a universal quantum computer
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