Abstract
In this section we shall analyze the general solution \(A_\mu (x)\) to Maxwell’s equations in the vacuum by choosing as gauge fixing condition the so called Coulomb gauge differently from the Lorentz gauge condition used in the general discussion of the electromagnetic field given in Chap. 5. In this new framework we shall be able to describe the electromagnetic field as a collection of infinitely many decoupled harmonic oscillators. This will pave the way for the quantization of the electromagnetic field and the consequent introduction of the notion of photon.
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