Abstract
This paper describes the quantitative and qualitative practice of federal research impact evaluation. Evaluation of research impact is described for three cases: Research selection, where the work has not yet been performed; research review, where work and results are ongoing; and ex-post research assessment, where research has been completed and results can be tracked. Qualitative methods (such as peer review) and quantitative methods (such as cost-benefit analysis and bibliometrics) are described. Although peer review in its broadest sense is the most widely used method in research selection, review, and ex-post assessment, it has its deficiencies, and there is no single method that provides a complete impact evaluation.
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