Abstract

Quantitative genetics is the genetics of complex traits, or those characters that are not controlled by a few major genes. These traits collectively define the phenotype, which complicates the breeding process. Further, the phenotype of such traits partially reflects the genetic values of individuals. Localizing the chromosomal regions that contribute to the phenotypic variations in a population defines the nature of quantitative traits. Quantitative traits are controlled by many small genomic loci and shoe the collective effects; further, epistasis (interaction between quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and with the environment) complicates their expression. The identification of these traits is subject to linkage analysis and association mapping to map the QTLs. Molecular markers are largely exploited for mapping genomic regions and QTLs in various crop plants, and these markers are used for marker-assisted selection (MAS) in plant breeding. Therefore, in this chapter, the emphasis is on providing an understanding of quantitative traits, QTLs, QTL analysis, molecular markers, mapping, and applications of QTL mapping in employing MAS in crop improvement.

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