Abstract
The effects of two fire retardant materials, (NH 4) 2SO 4 and (NH 4) 2HPO 4, on cellulose pyrolysis studied using thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS) analysis. In order to determine quantitatively H 2O and CO 2 during pure and fire retarded cellulose pyrolysis, the MS signal was calibrated using KHCO 3 decomposition. The MS signal calibration in relation to the flow stability through TG-MS interface was examined. The influence of the TG furnace temperature on MS signal, and the effects of heat and mass transfer phenomena were also discussed. Furthermore, the criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of the fire retardant compounds on cellulose pyrolysis were examined. Both fire retardant compounds resulted in the increase of the non-combustible pyrolysis products, such as H 2O and CO 2, and char. Low levels of levoglucosan were recorded. It appears that in the presence of the fire retardant compounds a relative increase of levoglucosenone in the evolved gases is observed. Finally, the effects of the fire retardants on the pyrolysis mechanism were discussed.
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