Quantitative Study on the Impact of Energy Consumption Based Dynamic Selfishness in MANETs.

Axida Shan,Shujia Fan,Xinghui Zhang,Xiumei Fan,Celimuge Wu

doi:10.3390/s21030716

Abstract

Cooperative communication and resource limitation are two main characteristics of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs). On one hand, communication among the nodes in MANETs highly depends on the cooperation among nodes because of the limited transmission range of the nodes, and multi-hop communications are needed in most cases. On the other hand, every node in MANETs has stringent resource constraints on computations, communications, memory, and energy. These two characteristics lead to the existence of selfish nodes in MANETs, which affects the network performance in various aspects. In this paper, we quantitatively investigate the impacts of node selfishness caused by energy depletion in MANETs in terms of packet loss rate, round-trip delay, and throughput. We conducted extensive measurements on a proper simulation platform incorporating an OMNeT++ and INET Framework. Our experimental results quantitatively indicate the impact of node selfishness on the network performance in MANETs. The results also imply that it is important to evaluate the impact of node selfishness by jointly considering selfish nodes’ mobility models, densities, proportions, and combinations.

Highlights

With the pervasiveness of Internet of Things (IoT) and the rapid development of communication technologies, mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have become more and more important in IoT-related areas, especially in smart IoT
The selfishness caused by limited energy brings harmful impacts on the network performance of MANETs, which highly depend on cooperative communications
Understanding the impacts of the selfish nodes in MANETs paves the road to the selfish nodes detection and incentive mechanisms that could improve the overall network performance

Summary

Introduction

With the pervasiveness of Internet of Things (IoT) and the rapid development of communication technologies, mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) have become more and more important in IoT-related areas, especially in smart IoT. MANET is a wireless network that consists of a number of autonomous, self-organized, limited energy capacity, and mobile nodes, which communicate with each other over wireless communication links in an ad hoc manner without the assistance of any centralized authority [1]. Every node in a MANET functions as both host, which acts as a normal terminal device, and router, which forwards packets to assist routing operations. These nodes can be any personal device such as laptops, mobile phones, or tablets that are battery-driven in general [2]. Due to lack of centralized authorities and limited transmission range of wireless communication links, most communications among the nodes in MANETs highly depend on multi-hop routing mechanisms. The resource-constrained mobile nodes in MANETs are unwilling to forward data packets for others’ interests in order to conserve their own resources

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