Quantitative Research on Profitability Measures in the Polish Meat and Poultry Industries

Anna Zielińska-Chmielewska,Ireneusz Jaźwiński,Jerzy Kaźmierczyk

doi:10.3390/agronomy12010092

Anna Zielińska-Chmielewska, Ireneusz Jaźwiński + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12010092

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Abstract

Business entities strive for continuous adaptation to changing situations and needs. The decisions of business entities entangled in multifaceted processes of economic, social, and environmental progress must be taken on the basis of reliable knowledge, developed know-how, scrupulous recognition of the initial state, and foresight of the multiple consequences of business actions over a long horizon. In such a situation, the measurement of financial efficiency in terms of the profitability of enterprises in meat and poultry industries is extremely desired and provides valuable information on the necessary modifications to reduce the potential risks of business operation. The Polish meat and poultry industries should take into account current and future market requirements, competition, and consumer response. The dynamic progress of technology is forced to take appropriate steps to improve and modernize products, services, and methods of solving profit losses. The aim of the paper is to calculate and evaluate the statistical relationships between profitability ratios in Polish meat and poultry enterprises divided into four groups: slaughterhouses, meat enterprises (small, medium, and large), poultry meat enterprises, and meat trade enterprises. In the theoretical part of the study, methods of descriptive, comparative, deductive, and synthetic analyses were used. In the practical part of the study, panel data from the entire meat and poultry industries in the period from 2010 to 2019 were used. For the measurement of financial efficiency, methods, such as financial indicator analysis, panel database modeling, and nonparametric ANOVA, were applied. The ANOVA method was used to test only the statistically significant relationships between profitability ratios across all groups of examined enterprises in the meat and poultry industries. To summarize, the optimal level of profitability was achieved by all groups of examined enterprises, except small meat enterprises. The highest financial efficiency in the area of profitability was reached by poultry enterprises. Moreover, financial support for small companies in the meat industry can bring tangible benefits such as maintaining a diversified product range locally and transforming small meat companies into buying centers for the local community. Both are effective solutions, especially in view of the post-pandemic situation.

Highlights

Meat, meat products, poultry, and poultry products play an important role in the Polish diet [1]
Profitability measured by the value of Return on equity (ROE) differentiated the group of meat enterprises
On the basis of the obtained results and cross-referenced similar results indicated by other authors, it can be concluded that profitability is worth being investigated

Summary

Introduction

Meat products, poultry, and poultry products play an important role in the Polish diet [1]. Pigs and poultry farmers suffered from low procurement prices, significant in the sense of economic efficiency, differences in regional production, and massive, cross-country competition [2]. Regional differences in livestock and live poultry prices disrupt production stability [3]. Farmers and producers operate in an environment characterized by changing markets, agri-food policies, and social environments [4]. A number of farmers have no choice but to close down their businesses due to the fact of rising production costs, the excessive volatility of raw material prices, and the lack of institutional support from the state [5]. More market-oriented policies tend to increase price volatility, affecting farm development and profitability [6]

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