Abstract
Peanut is an important oil and economic crop in China. The rainy season (April–June) in the downstream Yangtze River in China always leads to waterlogging, which seriously affects plant growth and development. Therefore, understanding the metabolic mechanisms under waterlogging stress is important for future waterlogging tolerance breeding in peanut. In this study, waterlogging treatment was carried out in two different peanut cultivars [Zhonghua 4 (ZH4) and Xianghua08 (XH08)] with different waterlogging tolerance. The data-independent acquisition (DIA) technique was used to quantitatively identify the differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) between two different cultivars. Meanwhile, the functions of DAPs were predicted, and the interactions between the hub DAPs were analyzed. As a result, a total of 6,441 DAPs were identified in ZH4 and its control, of which 49 and 88 DAPs were upregulated and downregulated under waterlogging stress, respectively, while in XH08, a total of 6,285 DAPs were identified, including 123 upregulated and 114 downregulated proteins, respectively. The hub DAPs unique to the waterlogging-tolerant cultivar XH08 were related to malate metabolism and synthesis, and the utilization of the glyoxylic acid cycle, such as L-lactate dehydrogenase, NAD+-dependent malic enzyme, aspartate aminotransferase, and glutamate dehydrogenase. In agreement with the DIA results, the alcohol dehydrogenase and malate dehydrogenase activities in XH08 were more active than ZH4 under waterlogging stress, and lactate dehydrogenase activity in XH08 was prolonged, suggesting that XH08 could better tolerate waterlogging stress by using various carbon sources to obtain energy, such as enhancing the activity of anaerobic respiration enzymes, catalyzing malate metabolism and the glyoxylic acid cycle, and thus alleviating the accumulation of toxic substances. This study provides insight into the mechanisms in response to waterlogging stress in peanuts and lays a foundation for future molecular breeding targeting in the improvement of peanut waterlogging tolerance, especially in rainy area, and will enhance the sustainable development in the entire peanut industry.
Highlights
Excessive water in the soil will reduce the rate of gas exchange between the soil and the atmosphere, affecting plant growth and development (Andrade et al, 2018; Garcia et al, 2020)
In order to adapt to this condition, adventitious roots were formed in large quantities and became the main components of the root system under waterlogging stress, expanding the absorption area of plants, improving the absorption and transportation of oxygen, and giving the cells a higher mitotic ability and physiological activity (Zou et al, 2010)
Another adaptation in plants under waterlogging stress is to facilitate the accumulation of ethylene concentration (Kim et al, 2018; Zhao et al, 2018), which leads to an increase in cellulase activity, resulting in the separation and collapse of root tip cortical cells and the formation of aerenchyma (Wang et al, 2016)
Summary
Excessive water in the soil will reduce the rate of gas exchange between the soil and the atmosphere, affecting plant growth and development (Andrade et al, 2018; Garcia et al, 2020). In order to adapt to this condition, adventitious roots were formed in large quantities and became the main components of the root system under waterlogging stress, expanding the absorption area of plants, improving the absorption and transportation of oxygen, and giving the cells a higher mitotic ability and physiological activity (Zou et al, 2010) Another adaptation in plants under waterlogging stress is to facilitate the accumulation of ethylene concentration (Kim et al, 2018; Zhao et al, 2018), which leads to an increase in cellulase activity, resulting in the separation and collapse of root tip cortical cells and the formation of aerenchyma (a gas channel composed of specific cells that can transport oxygen to the root system and alleviate the pressure of oxygen deficiency) (Wang et al, 2016). This adaptation strategy helps maintain the normal physiological metabolism of root cells
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