Abstract
The radial distribution of Plasmodium vivax malaria burden has evoked enormous concern among the global research community. In this study, we have investigated the serum proteome alterations in non-severe vivax malaria patients before and during patient recuperation starting from the early febrile to the defervescence and convalescent stages of the infection. We have also performed an extensive quantitative proteomics analysis to compare the serum proteome profiles of vivax malaria patients with low (LPVM) and moderately-high (MPVM) parasitemia with healthy community controls. Interestingly, some of the serum proteins such as Serum amyloid A, Apolipoprotein A1, C-reactive protein, Titin and Haptoglobin, were found to be sequentially altered with respect to increased parasite counts. Analysis of a longitudinal cohort of malaria patients indicated reversible alterations in serum levels of some proteins such as Haptoglobin, Apolipoprotein E, Apolipoprotein A1, Carbonic anhydrase 1, and Hemoglobin subunit alpha upon treatment; however, the levels of a few other proteins did not return to the baseline even during the convalescent phase of the infection. Here we present the first comprehensive serum proteomics analysis of vivax malaria patients with different levels of parasitemia and during the acute and convalescent phases of the infection.
Highlights
Plasmodium vivax is the most widely distributed species among the five parasites responsible for malaria in humans
We have reported serum proteome analysis of vivax malaria patients with identification of several differentially abundant proteins and associated physiological pathways to provide some imperative insights into disease pathogenesis and host immune responses in P. vivax infection[28], while proteomic analyses of the parasite directly isolated from the human blood and Saimiri boliviensis monkey host have further strengthened our understanding of pathogenesis and host-parasite interactions in vivax malaria[29, 30]
80–9000 (Fig. S1). 6–8% of the total number of patients screened were malaria positive; of which over 75% were infected with P. vivax, while less than 1% were found to have mixed infections
Summary
Plasmodium vivax is the most widely distributed species among the five parasites responsible for malaria in humans. Overall sensitivity of RDTs for low-parasite density in P. vivax samples are much lower than that of P. falciparum[19, 20], actuating the need for development of new diagnostic approaches In this context, blood biomarkers and surrogate host markers for malaria could be used for early diagnosis, prognosis, monitoring responses to therapy and predicting outcomes. We have reported serum proteome analysis of vivax malaria patients with identification of several differentially abundant proteins and associated physiological pathways to provide some imperative insights into disease pathogenesis and host immune responses in P. vivax infection[28], while proteomic analyses of the parasite directly isolated from the human blood and Saimiri boliviensis monkey host have further strengthened our understanding of pathogenesis and host-parasite interactions in vivax malaria[29, 30] In this present study we investigated serum proteome profiles in low and moderately-high parasitemic vivax malaria patients to evaluate whether there is any possible correlation between serum abundance of diverse classes of proteins and parasite levels in peripheral blood. We aimed to explore the alterations in the host serum proteome profiles during the acute and remission phases (pre- and post-treatment time points) of the infection through analysis of a longitudinal cohort of vivax malaria patients
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