Quantitative proteomic changes in development of superficial scald disorder and its response to diphenylamine and 1-MCP treatments in apple fruit

Abstract

Superficial scald is a significant physiological disorder causing economic loss to the apple and pear fruit industry. Despite treatments to prevent the scald, fundamental biochemical knowledge about the injury is not completely known. To investigate the protein changes in association with scald development during storage and in response to treatments of diphenylamine and 1-MCP, two quantitative proteomic experiments employing stable isotope labeling by peptide dimethylation were conducted on two scald susceptible cultivars ‘Cortland’ and ‘Red Delicious’. Apples were untreated or treated with 2gL−1 DPA or with/without 1μLL−1 1-MCP, then stored at CA (3.0kPa O2+1.0kPa CO2) at 0–1°C for up to 7 months. Among the quantified proteins, 428 proteins were common to both cultivars and 110 increased in abundance and 48 decreased during the onset of scald development. Fifty seven and 67 proteins changed significantly in abundance in response to DPA and 1-MCP treatments after 4 and 7 months storage, respectively. When combining the results from both cultivars, 14 proteins increased in abundances and 4 proteins decreased in abundance with scald development but inhibited and enhanced by both DPA and 1-MCP treatments, respectively, which were proposed to be in association with scald development of apples. Our results reveal and confirm that antioxidant and redox system, phenylpropanoid metabolism, ethylene biosynthesis, allergens, sulfur amino acids containing proteins and program cell death have direct link to the scald development.