Abstract
Diapause is a form of dormancy used by many insects to survive adverse environmental conditions, which can occur in specific developmental stages in different species. Drosophila suzukii is a serious economic pest and we determined the conditions for adult reproductive diapause by the females in our previous studies. In this study, we combined RNA-Seq transcriptomic and quantitative proteomic analyses to identify adult reproductive diapause-related genes and proteins. According to the transcriptomic analysis, among 242 annotated differentially expressed genes in non-diapause and diapause females, 129 and 113 genes were up- and down-regulated, respectively. In addition, among the 2,375 proteins quantified, 39 and 23 proteins were up- and down-regulated, respectively. The gene expression patterns in diapause- and non-diapause were confirmed by qRT-PCR or western blot analysis. The overall analysis of robustly regulated genes at the protein and mRNA levels found four genes that overlapped in the up-regulated group and six genes in the down-regulated group, and thus these proteins/genes may regulate adult reproductive diapause. These differentially expressed proteins/genes act in the citrate cycle, insulin signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, and amino acid biosynthesis pathways. These results provide the basis for further studies of the molecular regulation of reproductive diapause in this species.
Highlights
Diapause is a form of dormancy characterized by a positive response to changing environmental conditions, which comprises complex physiological and biochemical processes involving many interacting regulatory mechanisms, and it can help many insects and other animals to survive crises (Denlinger, 2002, 2008)
The results suggested that genes/proteins related to the citrate cycle, insulin signaling pathway, and target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathway may play important roles in adult reproductive diapause
To identify the cellular pathways regulated by diapause, we performed pathway clustering analysis for diapause based on pathways in the Kyoto Encyclope-dia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG)
Summary
Diapause is a form of dormancy characterized by a positive response to changing environmental conditions, which comprises complex physiological and biochemical processes involving many interacting regulatory mechanisms, and it can help many insects and other animals to survive crises (Denlinger, 2002, 2008). Adult reproductive diapause often occurs because many insect species overwinter as adults, where the processes of oogenesis and vitellogenesis usually stop (Baker and Russell, 2009). In the Trento district of Italy, the annual losses of small fruit production have been estimated as € 3.3 m per year (Bolda et al, 2010). Adult reproductive diapause is a powerful overwintering strategy for many continental insect species including Drosophila, it enables females to survive several months through harsh winter conditions and lay eggs when the temperature and photoperiod increased (Zhai et al, 2016).
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