Abstract
The development of high efficiency solar cells relies on the management of electronic and optical properties that need to be accurately measured. As the conversion efficiencies increase, there is a concomitant electronic and photonic contribution that affects the overall performances. Here we show an optical method to quantify several transport properties of semiconducting materials and the use of multidimensional imaging techniques allows decoupling and quantifying the electronic and photonic contributions. Example of application is shown on halide perovskite thin film for which a large range of transport properties is given in the literature. We therefore optically measure pure carrier diffusion properties and evidence the contribution of optical effects such as the photon recycling as well as the photon propagation where emitted light is laterally transported without being reabsorbed. This latter effect has to be considered to avoid overestimated transport properties such as carrier mobility, diffusion length or diffusion coefficient.
Highlights
The development of high efficiency solar cells relies on the management of electronic and optical properties that need to be accurately measured
We have witnessed a continuous increase of their power conversion efficiency (PCE), leading to record PCE values of 26.6% for crystalline silicon solar cells, of 28.8% for thin film technologies (GaAs) and of 23.3% for emerging PV such as perovskite solar cells[1,2]
The remarkable photovoltaic performances might originate from a long carrier diffusion length and an efficient photon recycling[8,9] mechanism becoming an important contribution to the voltage enhancement
Summary
The development of high efficiency solar cells relies on the management of electronic and optical properties that need to be accurately measured. Depending on the measurement techniques as well as the film fabrication routes, there are differences in reported charge carrier diffusion lengths with values varying from the micrometer to the millimeter range[10,11,12] These huge variations in term of transport properties can be ascribed to the quality of perovskite absorbers, to their chemical composition and to the grade of crystallinity of the thin films[13]. We present a study on last generation triple cation perovskite thin film where we quantitatively assess the photon recycling and the radiative recombination, as well as the transport properties such as the carrier diffusion length and the carrier mobility
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